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Viramune (Nevirapine) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used to treat HIV-1 infection and AIDS.
Viramune (Nevirapine) falls in the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) class of antiretrovirals. Both nucleoside and non-nucleoside RTIs inhibit the same target, the reverse transcriptase enzyme, an essential viral enzyme which transcribes viral RNA into DNA. Unlike nucleoside RTIs, which bind at the enzyme's active site, NNRTIs bind within a pocket termed the NNRTI pocket.
Viramune (Nevirapine) is not effective against HIV-2, as the pocket of the HIV-2 reverse transcriptase has a different structure, which confers intrinsic resistance to the NNRTI class.
Resistance to Viramune (Nevirapine) develops rapidly if viral replication is not completely suppressed. The most common mutations observed after Viramune (Nevirapine) treatment are Y181C and K103N, which are also observed with other NNRTIs. As all NNRTIs bind within the same pocket, viral strains which are resistant to Viramune (Nevirapine) are usually also resistant to the other NNRTIs, efavirenz and delavirdine.
The most common adverse effect of Viramune (Nevirapine) is the development of mild or moderate rash (13%). Severe or life-threatening skin reactions have been observed in 1.5% of patients, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis and hypersensitivity.
Viramune (Nevirapine) may cause severe or life-threatening liver toxicity, usually emerging in the first six weeks of treatment. In 2000, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a black box label on Viramune (Nevirapine), warning that it could cause severe liver damage, including liver failure. Unacceptably high risk of serious liver symptoms in certain patient groups (women with CD4 count >250 and men >400) has led the U.S. DHSS to recommend the restriction of Viramune (Nevirapine) use to those at lower risk, unless the benefit to the patient clearly outweighs the risk; although in the 2NN study which found these CD4 limits, the effect was seen only in patients recruited from Thailand. The U.S. Public Health Service Task Force advocates caution in the use of Viramune (Nevirapine) in pregnancy due to toxicity issues, which may be exacerbated during pregnancy.
What is the shelf life of the pills?
- The expiry date is mentioned on each blister. It is different for different batches. The shelf life is 2 years from the date of manufacture and would differ from batch to batch depending on when they were manufactured.
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